Concerning the incomplete extraction of river information easily affected by synonyms spectrum phenomenon from the high resolution remote sensing image, considering the specific frequency texture information of the river region, a river information extraction method from the high resolution remote sensing image based on homomorphic system filtering was proposed. The spectral analysis of remote sensing image was used by the proposed algorithm to define the feature identification of river information in the frequency domain. The one-dimensional profile line adding-window short-time analysis river location technology was adopted to realize river location and width estimation of the remote sensing image automatically and quickly. Finally, the low-pass filter under the homomorphic system was designed to extract low frequency river information. The GF-1 image was used as experimental data. The extraction accuracy of the proposed algorithm was higher than the traditional method based on spectral information. The Kappa coefficient reached 0.85, and the extraction process was automatic. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract river information from complex geomorphology region quickly and effectively.